Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential algorithm workup aki hypokalemia metabolic casts chloride framework hypophosphatemia injury kidneyinjury microscopy phosphate
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Ultrasound - No ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Impaired forward flow ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
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