Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential hypokalemia hyponatremia low potassium sodium nephrotic acute aki alkalosis casts color colored comparison injury kidney metabolic microscopy nephritic urinary
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
• Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework Red: - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
- Differential Diagnosis ... bag syndrome (chronically ... #Discoloration ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... Diagnosis Turbid ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... #Color #discoloration ... #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Urine ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Red Urine: • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder • Meds: rifampin,
Diagnosis Red Urine ... : • Any cause of ... dyes typically cause ... #urinalysis #discoloration ... #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color Red Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... #Colored #Discoloration ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
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