Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential hyponatremia hypokalemia low management potassium workup comparison microscopy acute aki nephrotic aflp alkalosis discoloration hellp hypomagnesemia injury kidney metabolic
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Algorithm • Confirm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... sodium and serum ... sodium low, uric ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Algorithm - Utilizing ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
• Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
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