Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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video physicalexam diagnosis differential microscopy algorithm ocular management causes nystagmus renal crystals workup kidney palsy casts hypokalemia hyponatremia uricacid crystalluria
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine ... investigations depending on clinical ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glitter Cells on Urine Microscopy Glitter cells in the urine are viable and pale staining WBCs with
Glitter Cells on Urine ... Glitter cells in the urine ... depends on the low ... #Microscopy #clinical ... #nephrology
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 Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine ... uric acid: - Urine ... sodium low, uric ... and uric acid low ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
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