Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
23.4M 13.8K 7.2K
Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... Alveolar-arterial ... #Syndrome #HPS ... #hepatology #pulmonary
 End Stage Liver Disease (Cirrhosis) - Complications 
 β€’ Ascites
 β€’ Esophageal Varices
 β€’ Hepatic
Carcinoma (HCC) β€’ Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... β€’ Hepatorenal Syndrom ... Complications #diagnosis ... management #summary #hepatology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome HPS - Diagnosis ... Alveolar-arterial ... 50 mmHg #HPS #Hepatopulmonary ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 β€’ Hepatic Encephalopathy
 β€’ Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 β€’
β€’ Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary ... syndrome, Portopulmonary ... Renal: Hepatorenal syndrome ... Complications #hepatology ... #diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Echocardiogram (A4c) with bubble study showing delayed right-to-left shunt consistent with intrapulmonary shunt
68M
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - Echocardiogram ... syndrome (clubbing ... cardiology #clinical #pocus ... #hepatology #a4c
β–Ί
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Pulmonary AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 β€’ Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... pulmonary AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... syndrome), intracardiac ... shunting (eg, atrial ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Appearance of Liver Lesions on Various Imaging Modalities
 β€’ Computed Tomography (CT) - Arterial Phase, Portal
Tomography (CT) - Arterial ... portal venous, T1 arterial ... Contrast #CT #MRI #POCUS ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #appearance #hepatology
Autoimmune Myositis
Necrotizing myopathy is associated with higher CK levels, greater level of muscle weakness, less systemic
anti-synthetase syndrome ... - Classic triad ... at diagnosis). ... Autoimmune #Myositis #diagnosis ... #rheumatology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnosis:
 β€’ Use a positive diagnostic strategy with
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... (IBS) - Diagnosis ... - Limited trial ... Gastroenterology and Hepatology ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome