Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 β€’ Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... Cyanide #Toxicity #Toxicology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 β€’ MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
β€’ ↓ slope of phase ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Class I Antiarrhythmics and their Key Pharmacologic Properties

Class IA = Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide ("Quarter PounDer")
Class IB
and their Key Pharmacologic ... depolarization (phase ... channels involved in phase ... #Pharmacology # ... Agents #Cardiology
Pericarditis can be seen on EKG with diffuse ST elevations without reciprocal changes along with diffuse
First line treatment ... in refractory cases ... #Pericarditis #Cardiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... 4 and phase O of ... #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Clozapine Toxicology
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic most often reserved for use in patients who have treatment-resistant
Clozapine Toxicology ... patients who have treatment-resistant ... following first-pass ... #Clozapine #Toxicology ... Toxicity #Diagnosis #Pharmacology
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 β€’
serum or urine Treatment ... therapy in severe cases ... EDKA #Toxicity #Toxicology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines β†’ Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... β†’ Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
depot iron] Treatment ... #Failure #CHF #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology