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Pathogens Causing Bloody Diarrhea = SEECSY Mnemonic SEECSY= Bloody diarrhea doesn’t sounds SEXY S = Salmonella E = E Coli (EHEC, ETEC) E = Entamoeba (Protozoa) C = Campylobacter S = Shigella Y = Yersinia Enterocolitica Adapted from https://www.slideshare.net/JonathanBwalya/bacterial-diarrhea-2013-4th-year-unza-medical #SEECSY #Sexy #Mnemonic #Pathogens #Bloody #Diarrhea #Differential #Hemorrhagic #Causes

Peripheral Signs of Aortic Regurgitation Corrigan sign Prominent carotid and supraclavicular pulsations Alfred de Musset sign Head nodding with heart beat Landolfi sign Change in pupil size with heart beat Muller sign Uvula pulsation Becker sign Retinal artery pulsations Rosenbach sign Liver pulsations Gerhardt sign Spleen pulsations Quincke sign Digital capillary pulsations Lighthouse sign Blanching and flushing of the forehead Traube sign Pistol shot—systolic and diastolic booming sound over femoral artery Duroziez sign Intermittent to and fro femoral artery systolic and diastolic murmur generated by light compression with the bell of a stethoscope Hill sign Lower limb systolic BP exceeding upper limb systolic BP by more than 20 mm Hg Water-Hammer pulse High volume abruptly collapsing pulse Mayne sign Diastolic BP drop of >15 mm Hg with arm raised Lincoln sign Pulsatile popliteal Sherman sign Dorsalispedis pulse unexpectedly prominent in age >75 years #Aortic #Regurgitation #Signs #Insufficiency #Cardiology #Diagnosis

Aortic Man - Mnemonic for Signs in Aortic Regurgitation Light house sign De Musset's sign Water hammer pulse Landolfi's sign, Becker's sign Corrigan's neck sign, Corrigan's pulse Rosenbach's sign, Gerhardt's sign Quincke's Sign Durozie's sign, Pistol shot femorals, Traube's sign Hill's sign, Mayen sign #Aortic #Man #Mnemonic #Signs #Aortic #Regurgitation #diagnosis

Algorithm for the Management of asthma exacerbations: emergency department and hospital-based treatment. #Asthma #Exacerbation #Algorithm #Management #Pulmonary

Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm Not the "classic" Volume based approach. #Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Differential #Nephrology #UOsm #Osmolality

Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury - Diagnostic Schema Hypovolemia Hypervolemia Hypotension Vessels #Prerenal #Acute #Kidney #Injury #AKI #Diagnosis #Differential #Classification

Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular == Glomerular == - Glomerulonephritis - Thin basement membrane disease == Non-glomerular == Kidney - Pyelonephritis - Renal mass - Papillary necrosis - Polycystic kidney disease - Arteriovenous malformation Ureter - Urolithiasis - Malignancy - Stricture - Polyp Bladder - Cystitis - Malignancy - Radiation Other - Benign prostatic hyperplasia - Prostate cancer - Urethritis - Exercise - Pseudohematuria Dr. André Mansoor @AndreMansoor - Frameworks for Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Hematuria #Glomerular #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nonglomerular #Causes #Differential #Urology

Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume depletion - Diagnosis: History, urinalysis, labs - Management: Fluid resuscitation to correct, underlying volume deficiency, Diuretics if heart failure INTRINSIC: - Glomerular (red blood cells/proteinuria on UA) - Interstitial (eosinophils/white blood cell casts on UA) - Tubular (renal tubular cell casts or pigmented casts on UA) - Vascular - Diaqnosis: Renal ultrasonography, urinalysis, renal biopsy - Management: Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs, treating underlying cause POSTRENAL: - Obstruction to urinary outflow - Extrarenal: prostate hypertrophy, urinary tract malignancy, retroperitoneal fibrosis - Intrarenal: stones, crystals, tumors - Diagnosis: Renal ultrasonography - Manaqement: Relief of obstruction (catheterization, percutaneous drainage, or stenting as appropriate) #Acute #Kidney #Injury #AKI #Differential #Diagnosis

Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: • Cardiac failure • Sepsis • Blood loss • Dehydration • Vascular occlusion RENAL Glomerulonephritis Small-vessel vasculitis Acute tubular necrosis • Drugs • Toxins • Prolonged hypotension Interstitial nephritis • Drugs • Toxins • Inflammatory disease • Infection POST-RENAL Urinary calculi Retroperitoneal fibrosis Benign prostatic enlargement Prostate cancer Cervical cancer Urethral stricture/valves Meatal stenosis/phimosis #Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney #Injury #Prerenal #Postrenal #Failure #Differential #Nephrology ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Davidson's Essentials of Medicine - https://amzn.to/3byD97p

Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic: • Portal vein thrombosis • Splenic vein thrombosis • Extrinsic compression • Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula Portal Hypertension - Hepatic: • Cirrhosis • Schistosomiasis • Infiltrative disease • Acute liver failure • Primary biliary cholangitis • Primary sclerosing cholangitis • Idiopathic portal hypertension • Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome Portal Hypertension - Post-Hepatic: • Heart failure • Constrictive pericarditis • Budd-Chiari syndrome • Inferior vena cava obstruction Non-portal Hypertension - Protein-poor: • Nephrotic syndrome • Malnutrition • Protein-losing enteropathy Non-portal Hypertension - Protein-rich: • Malignancy • Pancreatitis • Tuberculosis • Hemoperitoneum • Chylous ascites • Myxedema • Perforated viscus Dr. André Mansoor @AndreMansoor - Author of Frameworks for Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Ascites #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Hepatology #causes