The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
following order; GH ... Signs / Symptoms ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone (GH ... activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... abn lipid • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
time of onset of GH ... GH excess prior ... GH excess after ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
the etiology Signs ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Erectile Dysfunction: Pathogenesis

Erectile Dysfunction - Persistent or recurrent inability to achieve an erection sufficient to achieve
trauma, iatrogenic, diabetes ... and rigidity Endocrinologic ... hyperlipidemia, diabetes ... (penile artery diameter
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Immunocompromised state, diabetes ... causing symptoms Signs ... Pathophysiology #Signs
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... Pathophysiology #Signs