The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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diagnosis clinical pathophysiology xray benign bonetumor bonetumors findings labeled malignant aneurysmalbonecyst antipsychotics diabetes diabeticketoacidosis ewings features feedbackloop gh growthhormone handxray
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Findings • Note: in DKA ... , body K+ is lost ... brain... thus, the body ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... tumors (aka. cancerous ... • Metastatic bone ... BoneTumors #Malignant #Radiology
Representative X-ray appearance of a primary benign bone tumor - Aneurysmal Bone Cyst • Soft
primary benign bone ... tumor - Aneurysmal Bone ... Narrowing • Bony ... the articular bone ... #ShoulderXRay #Radiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): X-ray features • Soft tissue swelling (best seen by comparing left & right
Narrowing • Bony ... the articular bone ... HandXray #Diagnosis #Radiology
Osteoarthritis (OA): X-ray features - Joint space narrowing (least specific) - Subchondral Cysts (pockets of
Osteophytes (Abnormal bone ... (Thickening of bone ... under the areas of bone-bone ... Osteoarthritis #OA #Xray #radiology
Representative X-ray appearance of a primary malignant bone tumor - Ewings Sarcoma • "Interrupted periosteal reaction
primary malignant bone ... Moth-eaten", permeative bone ... transition between bone ... accumulation around the bone ... Ewings #Sarcoma #Radiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Second Generation Antipsychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects (Atypical Anti-Psychotics) - Examples: Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Zotepine, Paliperidone,
Block action of DA ... action throughout body ... action throughout body
Benign Primary Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance • "Geographic" bone destruction • Lack of soft-tissue
Benign Primary Bone ... • "Geographic" bone ... XRay #diagnosis #Radiology
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