The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Type I Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Production of lgE Antibodies that bind to harmless allergens
leading to an allergic ... Sensitization" to Allergen ... Initial exposure to allergen ... after clearance of allergen ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
mediated; exposure to allergen ... development of allergen-specific ... Allergic reaction ... Initial exposure to allergen ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Hypersensitivity: Summary
Type I Hypersensitivity:
 • Immunological Mediator: lgE
 • Immunological Target: Allergen Molecules
 • Ex: Antibiotic
Immunological Target: Allergen ... fever, Urticaria, Allergic ... Hypersensitivity #Allergy ... #Allergic #Reactions ... Classification #Diagnosis
Allergic Rhinitis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

1. Allergy Sensitization -> Antigen Exposure -> APC (macrophages, HLA class
Allergic Rhinitis ... Allergy Sensitization ... Tissue edema #Allergic ... Rhinitis #Rhinorrhea #pathophysiology
Type III Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Small antigen-antibody complexes (produced from normal immune response to
HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... symptoms #signs #diagnosis
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
exposure to a likely allergen ... exposure to known allergen ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
#FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology