The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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diagnosis complications ophthalmology vasculitis acute cellulitis extraarticular hypersensitivityreaction manifestations msk otitismedia psoriaticarthritis ra rheumatoidarthritis urology adhesivecapsulitis agammaglobulinemia alzheimersdisease anaphylaxis ankylosingspondylitis
Type I Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: Production of lgE Antibodies that bind to harmless allergens
leading to an allergic ... Sensitization" to Allergen ... release the pro-inflammatory ... secretion • Inflammatory ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
mediated; exposure to allergen ... Allergic reaction ... Initial exposure to allergen ... cells or CTLs -> Inflammation ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met: 1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
exposure to known allergen ... Signs / Symptoms ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Continued Innate Immunity • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
Inflammatory Cascade ... destruction), promote inflammation ... #Cascade #Inflammation ... #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Urgency Urinary Incontinence ... (neurogenic), inflammation ... #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases): - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... primitive reflexes, incontinence ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
cytokines -> localized inflammatory ... -> Incr local inflammation ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations Risk Factors: - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter inflammatory ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... retention -> Overflow Incontinence ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... reflex) • Orbital inflammation ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
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