The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
Inflammatory Cascade ... destruction), promote inflammation ... #Cascade #Inflammation ... #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs ... Signs / Symptoms ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Urgency Urinary Incontinence ... (neurogenic), inflammation ... #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... primitive reflexes, incontinence ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
cytokines -> localized inflammatory ... -> Incr local inflammation ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter inflammatory ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... retention -> Overflow Incontinence ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... reflex) • Orbital inflammation ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
Reactive Arthritis
 • Inflammation of joints (commonly large joints)
    - Asymmetric Oligoarthritis: Joint
Arthritis • Inflammation ... Effusions • Inflammation ... ReactiveArthritis #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
epithelium and causing symptoms ... Signs/Symptoms ... quickly or impending incontinence ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms