The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
Inflammatory Cascade ... destruction), promote inflammation ... cell activity #Inflammatory ... #Cascade #Inflammation ... pathophysiology #immunology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms ... Signs / Symptoms ... pathophysiology #immunology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
cytokines -> localized inflammatory ... scaling that extend inflammation ... -> Incr local inflammation ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
mastoid air cells (inflammation ... mucosa leads to inflammation ... : Extension of inflammatory ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #otology
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
shoulder joint inflammation ... as post-inflammatory ... shoulder joint inflammation ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
manifestations Skin: • Inflammation ... Eyes: • Globe inflammation ... on CXR • RA inflammation ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Panopthalmitis: inflammation ... Endopthalmitis: inflammation ... ) -> Localized inflammation ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Reactive Arthritis
 • Inflammation of joints (commonly large joints)
    - Asymmetric Oligoarthritis: Joint
Arthritis • Inflammation ... Effusions • Inflammation ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
Distinguishing between Inflammatory ... joint disease Inflammatory ... Swollen Joints • Inflammation ... mild synovial inflammation ... JointDisease #JointPain #Diagnosis
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
mutation) that alter inflammatory ... old; F>M Signs/Symptoms ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms