The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Achilles Tendon ... findings • The Achilles ... in the body • Achilles ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #msk
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... severe swelling causes ... Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... , altered LOC; septic ... lymph -> Koplik's spots
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
Septic Arthritis ... findings Notes: - Septic ... involved in >50% of cases ... S.A. can also be caused ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
Note: The MSE is a "snapshot" of a patient at a specific time.
You
) Note: The MSE ... the mnemonic "ASEPTIC ... , the symptoms caused ... #psychiatry #diagnosis ... evaluation #mnemonic #aseptic
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grading #Grades #Diagnosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Subtrochanteric region spans 5 cm distally from the
fractures in elderly Causes ... Femur #Fractures #msk ... #orthopedics #diagnosis ... #differential #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis