The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Account created for The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease - Linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation - http://calgaryguide.ucalgary.ca/
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Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #SideEffects
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Pathogenesis and Complications ... happen at C6/7 Aging ... DiscHerniations #complications ... #msk #pathophysiology
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... Vomiting Serotonin Syndrome ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #SideEffects
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... MoodStabilizers #Mechanism #SideEffects ... #Pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Alzheimer's (1% of cases ... mutations - Down syndrome ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
exposed areas -> Scaring ... with keratotic scaling ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Headaches • Nausea ... #Macroadenoma #SideEffects ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... signs #stages #staging ... #msk