The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
spinal artery injury ... function below injury ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... metabolites induce injury ... hemorrhagic rash; symptoms ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Findings Compression/injury ... paresthetica • Symptoms ... 3-6 months of symptom ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
most commonly injured ... (uncommonly injured ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Avulsion or shearing injury ... lateral hip Signs/Symptoms ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
RICE: Mechanism of Action
Rest (weight bearing or stressful motion discontinued)
Ice (applied to injury)
Compression (wrap applied to
Ice (applied to injury ... wrap applied to injured ... heart) #RICE #Sports ... #pathophysiology ... #mechanism #MSK
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms