The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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pathophysiology diagnosis signs orthopedics complications gh growthhormone mnemonic pituitary 21hydroxylasedeficiency 21ohd adhesivecapsulitis anterior aseptic bakerscyst caudaequina cecs chronicexertional compartmentsyndrome diabetes
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... GH excess prior ... • Other rare causes ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
thyrotoxicosis due to excess ... hyperthyroidism due to excess ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities => Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading => Bone strain =>
Accumulated micro-damage exceeds ... StressFractures #msk ... pathophysiology #symptoms
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... lipid • GH excess ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Subtrochanteric region spans 5 cm distally from the
fractures in elderly Causes ... Major trauma -> An excess ... Femur #Fractures #msk ... #differential #causes
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations • Immune Complex Deposition - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
joint => Force exceeds ... Diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... anion gap until it closes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
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