The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... > Inflammation causes ... Immunization #peds #pediatrics ... #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Brief Overview
LH and FSH are required for follicular development and
ovulation -> LH supports ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #menstruation #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
deficiency: - Short ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
fractures • Short ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology ... #peds #pediatrics
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
and release LH causes ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #Ovulation #endocrinology