The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
Clinical Findings Grading ... ligament substance leading ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... #Grading #Grades
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
subthreshold mechanical loading ... from continued loading ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Open Fractures: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Complications
Gustilo-Anderson Classification:
 • Type I
   - Wound <
Clinical Features and Complications ... Fractures #Diagnosis #Complications ... #MSK #Orthopedics
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Pathogenesis and Complications ... -> Mechanical loading ... DiscHerniations #complications ... #msk #pathophysiology
Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Complications
 • Anterior Posterior Compression (APC) -
Clinical Features and Complications ... Classification #Grades #Grading ... #Orthopedics #MSK ... #diagnosis #complications
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... signs #symptoms #orthopedics
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #msk ... #orthopedics
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications