The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... within GI and URT causes ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... Maternal viremia causes ... evasion techniques cause
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... disc arterioles causes
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Tingling, Burning, Stinging ... , Stabbing) - ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Summary of Causes and Ocular Manifestations
 • Molluscum lesions
 • Eyelid Kaposi
AIDS): Summary of Causes ... • Cotton wool spots
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms
 • Back/Neck Pain
 • Decr Range of motion
 • Abnormal posturing
 •
: -> Shooting, stabbing ... Radiculopathy #MSK
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
happen at C6/7 Aging ... complications #msk
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
exposed areas -> Scaring ... with keratotic scaling ... hair follicles -> causes