The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Pathogenesis and Complications ... happen at C6/7 Aging ... DiscHerniations #complications ... #msk #pathophysiology
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Summary of Causes and Ocular Manifestations
 • Molluscum lesions
 • Eyelid Kaposi
AIDS): Summary of Causes ... • Cotton wool spots ... #AIDS #Ocular #Complications
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... signs #symptoms #complications
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
exposed areas -> Scaring ... with keratotic scaling ... hair follicles -> causes ... signs #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... signs #stages #staging ... #msk
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... bone formation MSK ... Skull expansion causes ... signs #symptoms #complications
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
Symptoms related to complications ... Russell's Sign • Sores ... , scars, calluses