The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
Fecal Incontinence ... Pathogenesis and Complications ... Diabetes) • Altered ... #Fecal #stool #Incontinence ... #geriatrics #pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Urgency Urinary Incontinence ... cystitis, UTI), diabetes ... Incr PVR if a complication ... #Mixed #Pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... primitive reflexes, incontinence ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... retention -> Overflow Incontinence ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... neuropathy => Diabetic ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications ... #Diabetes
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #orthopedics
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... signs #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics