31 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs, ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm ... Symptoms: Fatigue ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... Diagnose PBC if 2/3 ... gp210/sp100) 3.
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... clinical context and signs ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
fifth decades. 3. ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... weeks to months. 3. ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
internal organs 3 ... skin thickening Signs ... and Symptoms: ... rheumatology #diagnosis #signs ... #workup
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... mainly MOG-lgG disease ... (AQP4-lgG disease ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Renal parenchymal disease ... Neurologic disorders
Sarcoidosis
Stage 1 - Bilateral LAD without involvement of lung parenchyma
Stage 2 - Bilateral LAD with involvement
parenchyma Stage 3 ... interstitial lung disease ... sarcoid Lofgren Syndrome ... Stages #Staging #Signs ... #Symptoms #Summary