63 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... urine sediment Microscopic ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... one drop on a microscope ... under lower power (casts ... #Instructions #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... on Urine Microscopy ... appreciated at low ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
diseases Light Microscopy ... Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... glomerular #diseases #nephrology ... comparison #table #diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #nephrology #PTH
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology