19 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... of glomerular disease ... Diagnosis #causes #urology
Classification of Vasculitis 
Vasculitis of large vessels 
 - Arteritis temporalis (giant-cell arteritis) 
 - Takayasu
granulomatosis - microscopic ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... - Schnitzler syndrome ... - Sjögren syndrome ... Vessels #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... : • Microscopic ... vasculitis - MPO ... antibodies #diagnosis #rheumatology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... ANCA-positive vasculitis ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... ANCA-negative vasculitis ... IgA-associated vasculitis
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
A group of necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitis without immune complex deposition. Complement levels are normal due
polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic ... polyangiitis without renal ... involvement - PR3>MPO Microscopic ... PR3 Anti-GBM disease ... PR3 #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
La) - Sjogren's syndrome ... c-ANCA - Vasculitis ... granulomatosis p-ANCA - Vasculitis ... Microscopic polyangiitis ... diagnosis #table #rheumatology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy
Vasculitis Involving the Skin - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary: 50% Cutaneous Vasculitis: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
Secondary: CTD: SLE, RA
Vasculitis Involving ... Associated: - Microscopic ... : • Behcet Disease ... • Cogan syndrome ... #dermatology #rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... • Urinalysis (Renal ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... , HIV serology, ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin