27 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hormonal Regulation ... of the Blood Calcium ... concentration #Calcium ... Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol ... #PTH #Endocrinology
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
with symptomatic PHPT ... • Serum calcium ... • Evidence of renal ... nephrocalcinosis, 24h urine calcium ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypokalemia • Renal ... Abnormalities of calcium ... • Parathyroid hormone ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... - Differential ... Combined pituitary hormone ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... , adrenal, prostate ... (release of calcitriol ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... Adrenocorticotropic hormone ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology