69 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... adenoma, Parathyroid ... hyperplasia, Parathyroid ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid ... #Pathophys #Diagnosis ... Malignancy #Mechanism #Frequency
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... life and decrease frequency ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Increased Urinary Frequency ... - Differential Diagnosis ... alcohol #Urinary #Frequency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Non-pregnant bleeding that is inegular in timing, frequency, or flow 

Mnemonic: PALM-COEIN
Causes of Abnormal ... inegular in timing, frequency ... NON-STRUCTURAL CAUSES ... - Diagnosis of ... Mnemonic #PALMCOEIN #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
- Differential Diagnosis ... Destruction of parathyroid ... sunlight • Other Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes