122 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid ... #Calcitonin #Calcitriol ... Endocrinology #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... adenoma, Parathyroid ... hyperplasia, Parathyroid ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
The principal endocrine 'axes' and glands. Parathyroid glands, adrenal zona glomerulosa and endocrine pancreas are not
Parathyroid glands ... Endocrinology #Pathophysiology ... #Pathways #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Jaundice - Pathophysiology and Causes

- Amy Chung, MD, MSc @AmyChung 

#Jaundice #Pathophysiology #Differential #Unconjugated #Causes #Diagnosis
Jaundice - Pathophysiology ... and Causes - ... #Jaundice #Pathophysiology ... #Unconjugated #Causes ... #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
Fracture Due to Parathyroid ... had received a diagnosis ... with an intact parathyroid ... which is a rare cause ... year after the diagnosis
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... , Pathophysiology ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis