14 results
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
, parathyroid hormone ... ; PTHrP, PTH-related ... #Pathophys #Diagnosis ... #Hypercalcemia ... Malignancy #Mechanism #Frequency
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... hormone–related ... #Hypercalcemia # ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... High or Normal PTH ... Low PTH: • High ... diseases, Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone.)

#Hypocalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypocalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH ... = parathyroid hormone ... #Hypocalcemia #Evaluation ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
Diagnostic algorithm ... The diagnostic workup ... measurement of parathyroid ... hormone (PTH) to ... #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... hormone resistance ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hormone–related ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... Serum levels of PTH ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... hormone resistance ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Calcitriol (1,25 ... #Algorithm #causes