148 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Ergocalciferol (D2) Cholecalciferol ... Effectively suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... - Suppresses SHPT ... #Pharmacology #Cholecalciferol
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Calcitriol (1,25 OH Cholecalciferol ... ) - ↑ 250H Cholecalciferol ... Intake - ↓ 25OH Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D Metabolism
Fat-soluble vitamin
Sources: dermal synthesis and food (dairy products, fish)
Active form: calcitriol (1,25-OH Vitamin D)
Main
pathophysiology #Cholecalciferol
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
with symptomatic PHPT ... #Indications #PHPT
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Biliary tree or bile ... abnormality vs bone Bili
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the
Bile acids are the ... major primary bile ... secretion into bile ... 200 to 600 mg bile ... 5% of a total bile
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
disease US — Normal Bile ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT
Stool / Poop Color - What it may mean
 • Brown: In general, healthy stool is
largely due to bile ... As a result, bile ... clay-colored: A lack of bile ... may indicate a bile