12 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... of Hypercalcemia ... Paget's disease • Hyperparathyroidism ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... D Deficiency (e.g ... (e.g. ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Medications (e.g ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... renal diseases (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... risk factors (eg ... disorders including hypokalemia ... hormonal excess or hypokalaemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
intolerance, Pregnancy, Hypercalcemia ... , Hypokalemia, Erectile ... Pgp-dependent drugs (e.g ... contraindications #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... repaired) • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... Screening #Workup #table