19 results
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #differential #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Algorithm • Low ... Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism ... PTH - Hypoparathyroidism ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Tumor genesis syndrome ... Primary or Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Shift: Refeeding Syndrome ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... Vitamin D: Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
One-and-a-half Syndrome ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential ... #diagnosis #ocular
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome ... • Ophthalmologic ... : Mydriasis, Ocular ... clonus (slow horizontal ... ucsdim #Serotonin #Syndrome
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... response to dark; • Slow ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
lens wearing • Ocular ... • Scarring • Ocular ... #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #ocular