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symptoms differential causes management pathophysiology endocrinology algorithm msk nephrology workup radiology rheumatology xray fracture hypercalcemia secondary complications hypertension hypocalcemia hypophosphatemia
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism • All patients with symptomatic PHPT • Serum calcium 1
Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... with symptomatic PHPT ... • Evidence of renal ... #Indications #PHPT ... endocrinology #management #Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary Lab Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... absorption - Hyperparathyroidism ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
Hypokalemia • Renal ... Hypocalcemia • Hypoparathyroidism ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... hormone–independent Renal ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
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 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Celiac disease, - Hypoparathyroidism ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... endocrinology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm - GI Losses - Redistribution - 1° HPT - 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic ... Redistribution - 1° HPT ... - 1° Renal PO4 ... phosphorus #low #diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mg: GI losses, Renal ... Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis
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