42 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): refers to a group of conditions all of which cause the same
of conditions all ... end result: a metabolic ... causes of RTA #Diagnosis ... Features #Table #Comparison
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... syndrome #Primary #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology