16 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Recurrence: • For ALL ... alkalinisation: potassium ... Stones #Management #Pediatrics ... #nephrology #nephrolithiasis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • Low Urine Cl ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... Piretanide Potassium ... #Diuretics #Pharmacology ... #nephrology #conversion
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... pressure: - Cl ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #high #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #