24 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... #Casts #Differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... differentiating kidney ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... and chronic kidney ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... circulating volume, Urinary ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts