20 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical ... #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
neurocognitive disorders ... workup 1) Clinical ... hydrocephalus, HIV ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... #Differential #
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... include a: • Neurologic ... Mitochondrial disorders ... zoster virus ○ HIV ... #Loss #Differential
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... , Seizure disorders ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... Injuries: Falls leading ... cardiovascular causes ... • Sleep Disorders ... Seizure #Elderly #Neurology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
poor nutrition Clinical ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... • Poor wound healing ... , or any other cause ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Caused commonly ... neurodegenerative disorders ... Pathophysiology: ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... signs #diagnosis #msk
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Suspect in movement disorders ... Demyelinating disease caused ... visual changes, hearing
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
pachymeningitis • HIV ... sensorineural hearing ... MRI lesions and clinical ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology ... noninflammatory #differential