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causes algorithm hyperkalemia low treatment high rhabdomyolysis alkalosis chloride diuretics excretion gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic indications medications pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic renal
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... the existence of hypertension ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... • Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... water intake (Primary ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Overview What ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... , K-sparing diuretics ... Elimination (see Table ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
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