28 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
- Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Secondary AI = the ... #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... gammopathy of renal ... significance (MGRS) • Secondary ... Solid tumors • Secondary ... Kidney #Injury #AKI
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment of renal ... cinacalcet for secondary ... binders also improve hypocalcaemia ... Calcitriol improves hypocalcaemia ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... of primary OR secondary ... indicates normal adrenal ... - Low = secondary ... Stimulation #Test #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... long-standing secondary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Chvostek Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam 

This patient had hypocalcemia secondary to parathyroid injury during
Chvostek Sign of ... Hypocalcemia on ... secondary to parathyroid ... #Chvostek #Sign ... clinical #video #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
Diagnosis Adrenal ... Differentiate primary vs secondary ... consistent with secondary ... gland) #Adrenal ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... ACTH-Dependent (Secondary ... Thrombophilia (adrenal ... Insufficiency #AI ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
• Starvation Secondary ... High purine diet Secondary ... • Chronic renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology