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differential algorithm management causes hyponatremia syndrome hypernatremia metabolic table treatment alkalosis pathophysiology workup aki gitelman low medications neurology acidosis acutekidneyinjury
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... salt wasting By ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus Excessive salt ... #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
believed that urine sodium ... fractional excretion of sodium ... and intrinsic renal ... performance for diagnosing ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
• Increased renal ... Hypoperfusion • Reduced renal ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... release • ↓ Cl ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... losses, Cerebral salt ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... - fevers • renal ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 - Failure of secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... features and high salt ... diet #Renal ... classification #nephrology ... #diagnosis
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