9 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... Water Central Diabetes ... in kidneys) - Medications ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
- Differential Diagnosis ... hyperplasia • Constipation ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... : • CKD • Poorly ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... hyperparathyroidism, diabetes ... , hypercalcemia, ... autonomic neuropathy Medications ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... parenchymal disease: CKD ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #indications
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table