15 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... annulus valve: ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
• Arrhythmias: Afib ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... • Endocarditis ... Structural: myxoma, thrombus
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve ... thrombus - When ... #differential #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
wide-complex tachycardia: bundle ... (< 5% pts with afibb ... Moderate or severe mitral ... Mechanical heart valve ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Mitral Regurgitation ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... mitral regurgitation ... #Mitral #Regurgitation
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... Acute Prosthetic Valve ... Aortic Aneurysms and ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Treat underlying cause ... #management #cardiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... regurgitation ... /Afib/WPW) • Loss ... #Palpitations #Cardiology