12 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... • Prosthetic valve ... Mitral annulus valve ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... risk factors: cardiomyopathy ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Diagnosis Algorithm ... May present as ... Structural • Valve ... disease • Cardiomyopathy ... #Arrhythmias #Cardiology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

RCM is a disease of diastole —> severe
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ... might look like asd ... An ASD with atria ... echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #management #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left atrium ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... Pathophysiology #causes #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... - Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology