51 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Primary (organic ... endocarditis, Myxomatous ... #differential # ... diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
- Differential ... Diagnosis Acute ... Endocarditis, Acute ... : Infective Endocarditis ... Aortic Aneurysms and
Non-Infective Endocarditis (NBTE / Marantic Endocarditis)
Non-infective endocarditis is also known as: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), Aseptic
Non-Infective Endocarditis ... embolize • Cannot differentiate ... absent How can we differentiate ... diagnosis can only ... high index of clinical
Duke's Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
Definite IE - Pathologic Criteria:
 • Pathologic lesions - vegetation or intracardiac
Duke's Criteria for Infective ... Endocarditis Definite ... - New valvular regurgitation ... #Endocarditis # ... diagnosis #major
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Diagnosis Framework ... Parenchyma: • Infection ... • Malignancy: Primary ... Mitral stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Diagnoses: • ... Heart Failure • Infective ... Endocarditis
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
Differentiating NBTE from Infective ... specific to NBTE, and ... diagnosis can only ... high index of clinical ... is required for diagnosis
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... mitral stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Diagnosis? ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... suggests calculi/infection ... throughout (upper urinary ... #EM #IM #Urology