34 results
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... 100 mOsm/kg) • Primary ... /kg) • Water and ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Regurgitation Primary ... Regurgitation #differential ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... : • Infection ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Differential Diagnosis ... blood count with differential ... / urinary sediment ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... - Infection with ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... concentrated urine ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Casts #Differential ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Hypovolemia, Low effective ... circulating volume, Urinary ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... output and creatinine
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... of stones: • Urinary ... tract infection ... solubility: • Low urine
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... tract infection ... diseases (obstructive and ... Discoloration #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology