10 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #management #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... parachute mitral valve ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

RCM is a disease of diastole —> severe
Though this case ... An ASD with atria ... Echocardiogram #clinical #pocus ... echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
- Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
commonest congenital cause ... associated with an atrial ... Ebstein #Anomaly #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c