11 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Leaflet: Rheumatic fever ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
in Right Atrium ... Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential # ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #causes #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
displaced than the mitral ... associated with an atrial ... septal defect. ... Echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c