8 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
• Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Dilated cardiomyopathy ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... (a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Regurgitation - Differential ... Diagnosis Acute ... Acute Prosthetic Valve ... , Rheumatic Fever ... , Salmonella), Giant
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... → TEE • Duke Criteria ... #Endocarditis #Differential