20 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... muscle rupture, Left ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cause Injury By ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
is required for diagnosis ... Clinical features: Fever ... Predilection for left-sided ... Clinical features: Fever ... in up to 30% of cases
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... - Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... cause injury by ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #diagnosis #differential
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... (a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
Arterial Thrombosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... thrombus - atrial ... fibrillation - Left ... coagulation and other causes
Stroke Etiologies
Hemorrhagic (IPH, SAH)
Ischemic
 - Large Vessel Atherosclerosis
 - Cardioembolic: Atrial fib, prosthetic valves, LV aneurysm,
Cardioembolic: Atrial ... fib, prosthetic valves ... and paradoxical embolism ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Thrombosis - Atherosclerosis, Arterial Dissection, Fibromuscular Dysplasia
 - Large
Causes of Ischemic ... Stroke - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Bacterial endocarditis ... #Causes