11 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
• Prosthetic valve ... muscle rupture, Left ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
(A4C) 35yoF ... POCUS shows dilated ... left atrium & poor ... mitral valve coaptation ... Echocardiogram #A4C
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Small secundum ASD ... or PFO with left ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
(a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram ... clinical #cardiology #pocus
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... night sweats, fever ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram

Patient with active IVDU presents with fever, sepsis.  More likely
Tricuspid Valve ... Endocarditis on ... presents with fever ... findings with left-sided ... clinical #cardiology #s4c
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... night sweats, fever ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... valve - Secondary ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology